To provide information and knowledge to the student. To guide and support the student's learning through scaffolding. To allow the student to learn completely independently. To give only those tasks that the student can currently do independently.

Adolescence is a social construction. Adolescence is generally considered to begin with puberty - the process that leads to sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce. Adolescence is developmental transition between childhood and adulthood entailing physical, cognitive and psychosocial changes. Children across different cultures usher in and experience adolescence in a similar manner.

Intrinsically motivated Extrinsically motivated Mastery-Oriented learner Failure-avoiding learner

acknowledge differences as abnormal and kind of deficit be indifferent towards individual differences consider differences as obvious feature of human diversity implement a rigid and uniform curriculum for all learners

constructed by the child rather than being passed passively from the environment. innate and given rather than acquired through interactions. co-constructed in interactions with more knowledgeable others. a visible behavioural change that can be measured with reliability.

continuous and comprehensive based on rote memorization focused only on final examination aimed at labeling students

Attention Decay Forgetting Retrieval

What is the plot of the novel "To Kill a Mockingbird"? What is the theme of the novel "To Kill a Mockingbird"? How does the author use symbolism in "To Kill a Mockingbird"? Who is the protagonist of "To Kill a Mockingbird"?

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (A) is true but (R) is false. Both (A) and (R) are false.

Ethics of care and the feminist perspective. Overestimation of children's moral abilities. Use of experimental design in studying children. Educational implications of the study for school going children.

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (A) is true but (R) is false. Both (A) and (R) are false.

emotional, draw pictures neurological, link sounds with symbols physiological, socialize with peers sensory, coordinate body movements

Let the students memorize terms and definitions. Let the students complete worksheets with multiple choice questions. Let the students learn by the method of stimulus-response conditioning. Let the students research on a current issue in small groups and present their findings to the class.

Pre-conventional morality Conventional morality Heteronomous morality Autonomous morality

Incorporation of diverse perspectives Following reasonable accommodation Offering differentiated instruction Encouraging competitive ethos

(b), (c) (a), (d) (a), (b), (c) (a), (b), (d)

focus on achieving a certain level of performance for competing with others. focus on improving ones' skills and understanding of a task. focus on achieving a high grade for receiving external rewards. focus on avoiding failure or punishment for fear of humiliation.

The teacher is the primary source of knowledge and authority in the classroom. The teacher provides diverse materials for children to experiment and provides scaffolding as and when required. The teacher is responsible for ensuring strict adherence to curriculum standards. The teacher lets the children learn independently and does not interfere in their learning.

Questioning gender stereotypes Strengthening gender constancy Reinforcing gender identity Discouraging gender role flexibility

concrete operational stage; algebra and calculus concrete operational stage; conservation and seriation formal operational stage; algebra and calculus formal operational stage; conservation and seriation

Visual problems Language comprehension problems Autistic spectrum disorder Communication disorder

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (A) is true but (R) is false. Both (A) and (R) are false.

more knowledgeable others; within more knowledgeable others; just outside the physical environment; within the physical environment; just outside

Giving the student repeated tasks to do during class. Strictly telling the student to increase their attention span. Giving a timer to student for self-regulation and time-management. Calling the parents and taking strict disciplinary action against the student.

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (A) is true but (R) is false. Both (A) and (R) are false.

Teachers should provide direct instruction and explicit guidance to students. Learning occurs when students receive correct answers and feedback from teachers. Students construct their own knowledge through active engagement with their environment. Learning is primarily a passive process that involves receiving and memorizing information.

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (A) is true but (R) is false. Both (A) and (R) are false.

(a), (b) (b), (c) (b), (c), (d) (a), (b), (c), (d)

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (A) is true but (R) is false. Both (A) and (R) are false.

Keeping very low expectations from all students Punishing autonomy and initiative in students Rewarding autonomy and initiative in students Keeping very low expectations from special students